Edit: I've found a cheap way to do what I want: use a gas strut, the device that holds open the "hatch" on hatchback cars. Bunnings sell a variety of them starting under $20.
I've drawn a diagram HERE, it's a view from above, wire-frame style.
A disadvantage compared to "normal" door closers: it doesn't provide that last little "shove" to make the door's latch bolt push in. However, as I now have a door that stays open or closed by itself, I'm considering removing the latch bolt, and keeping only the door handle. Just push the door to open.
Original post:
I'm looking for something that's either unusual, or I'm not using the correct search terms.
You know how many kitchen cabinets have a door hinge mechanism with two stable positions - fully open and fully closed? And if you try to open the door to 45 degrees, it'll spring to either fully open or fully closed? I'd like the doors between rooms in my house to do the same thing.
I know this can be sort-of done using a "hold open hydraulic door closer", that's not what I'm after. Those typically require a fair bit of force to open the door, and have a loud "click" noise when the "hold open" mechanism engages and disengages. They're also really expensive!
I'd like something simpler (and cheaper!) that will simply stop a door from swinging in the wind, and do so silently. Just like kitchen cabinet hinges do!
I'm pretty sure I could achieve this using something looking like a pneumatic screen-door closer, but one that pushes instead of pulling, and mount it so maximum compression of the spring happens when the door is at 45 degrees. But do such things exist?
Just use magnetic door stops like this or this.
I don't think what you are asking for exists and if it does it will be expensive.